According to the Institute of Medicine, there are approximately 100 million Americans—more than those affected by heart disease, cancer, and diabetes combined—who suffer from chronic pain, which is often undertreated. Chronic pain is typically defined as pain that lasts beyond the healing of an injury or that persists beyond 3 months.1 Common types of chronic pain include lower back pain, arthritis, headache, and face and jaw pain.1 Severe pain typically stops an individual from participating in activities and causes patients to change their behavior to avoid such activities.1,2 According to an article in the New England Journal of Medicine, chronic pain is associated with functional loss and disability, reduced quality of life, high health care costs, and premature death.3 Chronic pain also can result in isolation, depression, sleep disorders, and other issues that have a negative impact not only on patients, but also on family members.2,4 It is important that these patients, whose chronic pain often interrupts daily life, gain and maintain access to adequate pain relief.1 Opioid analgesics play an important role in the management of moderate to severe pain and are the most widely prescribed products for pain, with prescriptions exceeding 200 million in 2013.5
References
- Institute of Medicine of the National Academies; Committee on Advancing Pain Research, Care, and Education; Board on Health Sciences Policy. Relieving Pain in America: a Blueprint for Transforming Prevention, Care, Education, and Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2011.
- Brennan F, Carr DB, Cousins M. Pain management: a fundamental human right. Anesth Analg. 2007;105(1):205-221.
- Olsen Y, Sharfstein JM. Chronic pain, addiction, and Zohydro. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(22):2061-2063.
- Tsang A, Von Korff M, Lee S, et al. Common chronic pain conditions in developed and developing countries: gender and age differences and comorbidity with depression-anxiety disorders. J Pain. 2008;9(10):883-891.
- IMS Prescription Data; 2013.

